Name: choline
Definition：
Choline is a quaternary saturated amine with the chemical formula
(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OHX−, where X− is a counterion such as chloride (see
choline chloride), hydroxide or tartrate. Choline chloride, in mixture
with urea is used as a solvent (DES) and the salicylate salt is used
topically for pain relief of aphthous ulcers.
Chart：
Physiological effect：
Choline and its metabolites are needed for three main physiological
purposes: structural integrity and signaling roles for cell membranes,
cholinergic neurotransmission (acetylcholine synthesis), and as a major
source for methyl groups via its metabolite, trimethylglycine (betaine)
that participates in the S-adenosylmethionine synthesis pathways.
Apply:
1、Contribute to treatment of Alzheimer's disease
2、Treatment of nervous system diseases such as Parkinson's disease and
tardive dyskinesia helpful
3、Control fat and cholesterol savings
4、Promote liver function, help the body eliminate toxins organization
5、Help send a signal to stimulate the nerve, prevent old age memory
loss.
Deficiency:
Lack of long-term intake of dietary choline may include the main
findings of the liver, kidney, pancreas disease, memory disorders and
growth failure.
1、the liver changes: most of the animals, the lack of choline can cause
liver dysfunction, a large number of liver lipid (mainly triglyceride)
accumulation and eventually filled the entire liver cells.
2、kidney changes: lack also harmful to the kidneys shrink cholinergic
function.
3、induced cancer: lack of choline caused by genetic damage caused by
carcinogenic process first, and then some can form tumor cell survival
and proliferation of variations.
4、Low-choline diet-related symptoms：infertility, growth retardation,
bone abnormalities, blood disorder and hypertension were also reported.
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